The 2025 Nobel Prize in Economics was awarded to Joel Mokyr (US), Philippe Aghion (France), and Peter Howitt (Canada) for their work on innovation and economic growth. Mokyr, 79, was recognized for identifying conditions necessary for sustainable growth through technological progress, using historical sources to understand the causes of persistent economic expansion. Aghion, 69, and Howitt, 79, were honored jointly for their theory of 'creative destruction,' which explains how new, better products displace older ones, driving economic evolution. Philippe Aghion emphasized the importance of Europe not allowing the US and China to monopolize technological innovation, calling for European countries to strengthen their innovation efforts. French President Emmanuel Macron praised Aghion as a source of national pride and a global inspiration, highlighting his role as a former economic advisor. The Nobel committee highlighted that the laureates' work reminds society that progress must be actively supported through scientific innovation, open societies, and acceptance of change. The prize, worth 11 million crowns (about 1 million euros), was shared among the three winners. This award concludes the 2025 Nobel season, which recognized achievements across various fields including peace, literature, chemistry, physics, and medicine.